NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit
Last updated 4 Aug 2025
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The NPRL2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a larger protein group (a complex) called GATOR1. This complex is made up of the NPRL2 protein and proteins made from two other genes: DEPDC5 and NPRL3. GATOR1 is found in cells throughout the body, where it regulates a signaling pathway called the mTOR pathway. The mTOR pathway is involved in cell growth and division (proliferation) and the creation (synthesis) of new proteins. In the brain, the mTOR pathway regulates many processes, including the growth and development of nerve cells and their ability to change and adapt over time (plasticity).
Normal function
The NPRL2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a larger protein group (a complex) called GATOR1. This complex is made up of the NPRL2 protein and proteins made from two other genes: DEPDC5 and NPRL3. GATOR1 is found in cells throughout the body, where it regulates a signaling pathway called the mTOR pathway. The mTOR pathway is involved in cell growth and division (proliferation) and the creation (synthesis) of new proteins. In the brain, the mTOR pathway regulates many processes, including the growth and development of nerve cells and their ability to change and adapt over time (plasticity).
The role of the GATOR1 complex is to block this pathway by stopping (inhibiting) the activity of a complex called mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) that is integral to the mTOR pathway.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (S. cerevisiae)
NPR2
NPR2-like protein, GATOR1 complex subunit
NPR2L
tumour suppressor candidate 4
TUSC4
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Further reading and references
- NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Baldassari S, Licchetta L, Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Pippucci T. GATOR1 complex: the common genetic actor in focal epilepsies. J Med Genet. 2016 Aug;53(8):503-10. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103883. Epub 2016 May 19.
- Baulac S. mTOR signaling pathway genes in focal epilepsies. Prog Brain Res. 2016;226:61-79. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.013. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
- Dibbens LM, de Vries B, Donatello S, Heron SE, Hodgson BL, Chintawar S, Crompton DE, Hughes JN, Bellows ST, Klein KM, Callenbach PM, Corbett MA, Gardner AE, Kivity S, Iona X, Regan BM, Weller CM, Crimmins D, O'Brien TJ, Guerrero-Lopez R, Mulley JC, Dubeau F, Licchetta L, Bisulli F, Cossette P, Thomas PQ, Gecz J, Serratosa J, Brouwer OF, Andermann F, Andermann E, van den Maagdenberg AM, Pandolfo M, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE. Mutations in DEPDC5 cause familial focal epilepsy with variable foci. Nat Genet. 2013 May;45(5):546-51. doi: 10.1038/ng.2599. Epub 2013 Mar 31.
- Kurahashi H, Hirose S. Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor (Hyperkinetic) Epilepsy. 2002 May 16 [updated 2023 Mar 23]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1169/
- Licchetta L, Pippucci T, Baldassari S, Minardi R, Provini F, Mostacci B, Plazzi G, Tinuper P, Bisulli F; Collaborative Group of Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE) Genetic Study Group on SHE. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE): Contribution of known genes in 103 patients. Seizure. 2020 Jan;74:60-64. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.11.009. Epub 2019 Nov 23.
- Weckhuysen S, Marsan E, Lambrecq V, Marchal C, Morin-Brureau M, An-Gourfinkel I, Baulac M, Fohlen M, Kallay Zetchi C, Seeck M, de la Grange P, Dermaut B, Meurs A, Thomas P, Chassoux F, Leguern E, Picard F, Baulac S. Involvement of GATOR complex genes in familial focal epilepsies and focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia. 2016 Jun;57(6):994-1003. doi: 10.1111/epi.13391. Epub 2016 May 13.
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