ryanodine receptor 1
Last updated 25 Apr 2023
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The RYR1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ryanodine receptor 1 (also called the RYR1 channel). This protein is part of a group of related proteins called ryanodine receptors, which form channels that, when turned on (activated), release positively charged calcium atoms (ions) from storage within cells. RYR1 channels play a critical role in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles).
Normal function
The RYR1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ryanodine receptor 1 (also called the RYR1 channel). This protein is part of a group of related proteins called ryanodine receptors, which form channels that, when turned on (activated), release positively charged calcium atoms (ions) from storage within cells. RYR1 channels play a critical role in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles).
For the body to move normally, skeletal muscles must tense (contract) and relax in a coordinated way. Muscle contractions are triggered by an increase in the concentration of calcium ions inside muscle cells.
RYR1 channels are located in the membrane surrounding a structure in muscle cells called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This structure stores calcium ions when muscles are at rest. In response to certain signals, the RYR1 channel releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell fluid. The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration in muscle cells stimulates muscles to contract, allowing the body to move. The process by which electrical signals trigger muscle contraction is called excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
CCD
MHS
MHS1
PPP1R137
ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)
ryanodine receptor type1
RYDR
RYR
RYR-1
RYR1_HUMAN
sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel
skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor
Skeletal muscle-type ryanodine receptor
SKRR
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Further reading and references
- ryanodine receptor 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Amburgey K, Bailey A, Hwang JH, Tarnopolsky MA, Bonnemann CG, Medne L, Mathews KD, Collins J, Daube JR, Wellman GP, Callaghan B, Clarke NF, Dowling JJ. Genotype-phenotype correlations in recessive RYR1-related myopathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013 Aug 6;8:117. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-117.
- Avila G. Intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease: established concepts, new cellular mechanisms involved. Cell Calcium. 2005 Feb;37(2):121-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.08.001.
- Clarke NF, Waddell LB, Cooper ST, Perry M, Smith RL, Kornberg AJ, Muntoni F, Lillis S, Straub V, Bushby K, Guglieri M, King MD, Farrell MA, Marty I, Lunardi J, Monnier N, North KN. Recessive mutations in RYR1 are a common cause of congenital fiber type disproportion. Hum Mutat. 2010 Jul;31(7):E1544-50. doi: 10.1002/humu.21278.
- Jungbluth H. Central core disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 May 15;2:25. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-25.
- Jungbluth H. Multi-minicore Disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 Jul 13;2:31. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-31.
- Lyfenko AD, Ducreux S, Wang Y, Xu L, Zorzato F, Ferreiro A, Meissner G, Treves S, Dirksen RT. Two central core disease (CCD) deletions in the C-terminal region of RYR1 alter muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling by distinct mechanisms. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jan;28(1):61-8. doi: 10.1002/humu.20409.
- Lyfenko AD, Goonasekera SA, Dirksen RT. Dynamic alterations in myoplasmic Ca2+ in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Oct 1;322(4):1256-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.031.
- Riazi S, Biesecker LG, Rosenberg H, Dirksen RT. Nonsyndromic Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility. 2003 Dec 19 [updated 2025 Aug 7]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1146/
- Riazi S, Kraeva N, Hopkins PM. Malignant Hyperthermia in the Post-Genomics Era: New Perspectives on an Old Concept. Anesthesiology. 2018 Jan;128(1):168-180. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001878.
- Robinson R, Carpenter D, Shaw MA, Halsall J, Hopkins P. Mutations in RYR1 in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease. Hum Mutat. 2006 Oct;27(10):977-89. doi: 10.1002/humu.20356.
- Rossi AE, Dirksen RT. Sarcoplasmic reticulum: the dynamic calcium governor of muscle. Muscle Nerve. 2006 Jun;33(6):715-31. doi: 10.1002/mus.20512.
- Treves S, Anderson AA, Ducreux S, Divet A, Bleunven C, Grasso C, Paesante S, Zorzato F. Ryanodine receptor 1 mutations, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord. 2005 Oct;15(9-10):577-87. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2005.06.008.
- Wu S, Ibarra MC, Malicdan MC, Murayama K, Ichihara Y, Kikuchi H, Nonaka I, Noguchi S, Hayashi YK, Nishino I. Central core disease is due to RYR1 mutations in more than 90% of patients. Brain. 2006 Jun;129(Pt 6):1470-80. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl077. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
- Zhou H, Jungbluth H, Sewry CA, Feng L, Bertini E, Bushby K, Straub V, Roper H, Rose MR, Brockington M, Kinali M, Manzur A, Robb S, Appleton R, Messina S, D'Amico A, Quinlivan R, Swash M, Muller CR, Brown S, Treves S, Muntoni F. Molecular mechanisms and phenotypic variation in RYR1-related congenital myopathies. Brain. 2007 Aug;130(Pt 8):2024-36. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm096. Epub 2007 May 4.
- Zorzato F, Jungbluth H, Zhou H, Muntoni F, Treves S. Functional effects of mutations identified in patients with multiminicore disease. IUBMB Life. 2007 Jan;59(1):14-20. doi: 10.1080/15216540601187803.
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