insulin receptor
अंतिम अद्यतन 19 जुलाई 2023
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The INSR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an insulin receptor, which is found in many types of cells. Insulin receptors are embedded in the outer membrane surrounding the cell, where they attach (bind) to the hormone insulin circulating in the bloodstream. Insulin plays many roles in the body, including regulating blood glucose levels by controlling how much sugar (in the form of glucose) is passed from the bloodstream into cells to be used as energy.
Normal function
The INSR gene provides instructions for making a protein called an insulin receptor, which is found in many types of cells. Insulin receptors are embedded in the outer membrane surrounding the cell, where they attach (bind) to the hormone insulin circulating in the bloodstream. Insulin plays many roles in the body, including regulating blood glucose levels by controlling how much sugar (in the form of glucose) is passed from the bloodstream into cells to be used as energy.
The insulin receptor is initially produced as a single long protein that must be processed by being cut (cleaved) into four parts: two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. These subunits work together as a functioning receptor. The alpha subunits stick out from the surface of the cell, while the beta subunits remain inside the cell. The alpha subunits attach (bind) to insulin, which causes the beta subunits to trigger signaling pathways within the cell that influence many cell functions.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Other names
CD220
HHF5
insulin receptor isoform Long preproprotein
insulin receptor isoform Short preproprotein
IR
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
मधुमेह और बीमारी
If you have diabetes - or have to care for someone who has - it's important to be prepared t... Sick day diabetes guidelines The following guidance is provided by Diabetes UK: Contact your general practice or diabetes team who will help you if you have any queries or if you are unsure about what to do. On GLP-1 receptor agonists ( dulaglutide ,.
Patient information leaflet
क्या मैं रॉयल सन और शिटाके को एक साथ ले सकता हूँ?
Both Royal Sun (Agaricus blazei) and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms contain high levels of beta-glucans, which are substances that stimulate the immune system. These also contain compounds called beta-glucans and other chemicals that can improve इंसुलिन संवेदनशीलता और inhibit platelets (the cells that help your blood clot). If you are.
Patient information leaflet
टाइप 2 मधुमेह
Type 2 diabetes can occur at any age, including during childhood, but it occurs mainly in people aged over 40. Insulin injections are needed in some cases. This is because in type 2 diabetes you still ... However, you develop type 2 diabetes because: You do not make enough insulin for your body's needs; or The cells in your body do not use insulin.
Patient information leaflet
टाइप 2 मधुमेह का उपचार
One medicine (usually metformin) is used first but two or even three medicines may be needed. In addition to controlling your blood glucose, keeping raised blood pressure, chol... You can read more about controlling other risk factors in our separate leaflet called Type 2 diabetes. The rest of this leaflet is about medications to control blood.
Patient information leaflet
हाइपोग्लाइसीमिया
कम रक्त शर्करा (hypoglycaemia) is often known as a 'hypo'. Usually your body releases a hormone called insulin, produced by your pancreas, in response to rises in blood sugar. Your body's cells need glu... Insulin acts as a 'key', opening the door of your cells to allow in glucose. People with type 1 diabetes need insulin in injection form,.
Patient information leaflet
क्या मैं को-कोडामोल और सुकार्टो को एक साथ ले सकता हूँ?
Additionally, if you have severe kidney or liver problems, your doctor may need to adjust the doses of both medicines. It is generally safe to take these co-codamol and Sukkarto ( metformin ) together as they are processed by the body through different pathways. Co-codamol works on pain receptors in the brain and spinal cord, while Sukkarto works.
अधिक पठन और संदर्भ
- insulin receptor; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Grasso V, Colombo C, Favalli V, Galderisi A, Rabbone I, Gombos S, Bonora E, Massa O, Meschi F, Cerutti F, Iafusco D, Bonfanti R, Monciotti C, Barbetti F. Six cases with severe insulin resistance (SIR) associated with mutations of insulin receptor: Is a Bartter-like syndrome a feature of congenital SIR? Acta Diabetol. 2013 Dec;50(6):951-7. doi: 10.1007/s00592-013-0490-x. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
- Hubbard SR. The insulin receptor: both a prototypical and atypical receptor tyrosine kinase. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar 1;5(3):a008946. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008946.
- Longo N, Wang Y, Smith SA, Langley SD, DiMeglio LA, Giannella-Neto D. Genotype-phenotype correlation in inherited severe insulin resistance. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Jun 1;11(12):1465-75. doi: 10.1093/hmg/11.12.1465.
- Maassen JA, Tobias ES, Kayserilli H, Tukel T, Yuksel-Apak M, D'Haens E, Kleijer WJ, Fery F, van der Zon GC. Identification and functional assessment of novel and known insulin receptor mutations in five patients with syndromes of severe insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Sep;88(9):4251-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030034.
- Semple RK, Savage DB, Cochran EK, Gorden P, O'Rahilly S. Genetic syndromes of severe insulin resistance. Endocr Rev. 2011 Aug;32(4):498-514. doi: 10.1210/er.2010-0020. Epub 2011 May 2.
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