What are the side effects of HRT?
द्वारा सहकर्मी समीक्षा की गई Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGPद्वारा लिखित
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मुख्य सामग्री पर जाएंमूल रूप से प्रकाशित 6 Aug 2025
हार्मोन प्रतिस्थापन चिकित्सा (एचआरटी) is commonly prescribed to people who are going through menopause to help manage their symptoms. However, some people are concerned about the side effects. We spoke with a doctor to learn more about the possible side effects of HRT.
Sign up for our free 10-week Menopause course!
Each week, we'll explore different topics to help you better understand and navigate your menopausal journey, including HRT, diet, exercise, and mental health.
सदस्यता लेने पर आप हमारी स्वीकार करते हैं गोपनीयता नीति. आप किसी भी समय सदस्यता समाप्त कर सकते हैं। हम कभी भी आपका डेटा नहीं बेचते।.
इस लेख में:
HRT works by replacing the hormones that naturally decline as you approach menopause with synthetic versions.
The main hormones used in HRT are:
Oestrogen - regulates your menstrual cycle, develops female characteristics, and helps maintain bone and heart health.
Progesterone - helps protect your womb (uterus) against abnormal changes - such as thickening of the womb lining (hyperplasia) or cancer - that can be caused by unopposed oestrogen. Progesterone is not needed for women who have had their womb removed (hysterectomy).
Dr Layla Eagles, Private GP, Wellsoon, Practice Plus Group, UK
Dr Layla Eagles, Private GP, Wellsoon, Practice Plus Group, UK, explains that the side effects of HRT are usually mild and often settle over time.
While these side effects can differ from person to person, some are more commonly reported than others.
इनमें शामिल हैं:
फूलना।.
Headaches.
Nausea.
Mood changes.
"Side effects can vary depending on how HRT is delivered," she says. "Oral tablets may be more likely to cause nausea or increase your chance of blood clots. Patches and gels tend to be gentler on your digestive system, and have a lower likelihood of causing blood clots."
She adds that implants offer a steady release of hormones, but they can be more difficult to adjust if side effects arise.
The side effects of HRT are often grouped into two categories, as many common symptoms are associated with either oestrogen or progestogen.
Eagles explains the typical side effects linked to each hormone.
Oestrogen side effects
The short-term side effects of oestrogen can include:
Breast swelling.
Leg cramps.
Nausea.
Long-term oestrogen use may slightly raise your chance of blood clots or स्ट्रोक - especially in tablet form.
Eagles says: "People with a history of migraines, clotting disorders, or hormone-sensitive cancers may be more vulnerable to side effects. Transdermal forms - such as patches or gels - are often preferred for people with existing cardiovascular concerns or conditions."
She warns that anyone experiencing the following symptoms should stop taking it and seek urgent medical attention:
Sudden leg pain.
Chest pain.
Severe headaches.
Progesterone side effects
The short-term side effects of oestrogen can include:
Mood swings.
Breast discomfort.
Sometimes, low mood or fatigue - can be reduced with regular exercise, reducing alcohol, and sleep.
Eagles adds that natural (micronised) progesterone is generally better tolerated than synthetic progestins - especially for mood symptoms.
She says: "If side effects become intolerable, we can try a different type, dose, or delivery method, and in some cases consider alternatives - such as the Mirena coil."
Combined HRT side effects
Combined HRT includes both oestrogen and progesterone. It can be taken either cyclically or continuously - depending on whether you're perimenopausal or postmenopausal.
The side effects of combined HRT include:
Vaginal bleeding (spotting).
Mood changes.
Eagles explains that combined HRT, may increase your chance of developing breast cancer slightly more than oestrogen-only HRT.
She says: "If you have had a hysterectomy, you usually don’t need the progesterone component and can take oestrogen alone, which is generally considered a safer option."
नीचे पढ़ना जारी रखें
How long do HRT side effects last?
Most HRT side effects are short-term and usually improve within 3-6 months as your body gets used to the treatment.
"We typically review patients at 3 months after starting," says Eagles. "This assessment then becomes annual unless issues arise, with the option to review sooner if symptoms persist or new ones develop."
Reporting HRT side effects
सामग्री पर वापस जाएंThe Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme is an easy way to report suspected issues with medicine in the UK. Reports can be submitted online or via the Yellow Card scheme app on Apple या गूगल प्ले. Submissions go directly to experts who review and investigate your concerns.
Eagles says: "Reporting side effects - no matter how minor - through the Yellow Card scheme, helps monitor the safety of HRT and can lead to updated guidance or safety information. All reports are reviewed and contribute to national drug safety surveillance."
नीचे पढ़ना जारी रखें
Risks associated with HRT
सामग्री पर वापस जाएंLong-term use of HRT - particularly with oral combined HRT - may leave you vulnerable to developing breast cancer, blood clots or stroke.
Eagles advises, however, that for many people under 60 - or within 10 years of menopause - the advantages often outweigh the potential downsides.
She says: "We always consider personal and family history, and HRT may need to be used cautiously if you have migraines, liver issues, or heart disease."
Eagles warns that if your side effects are persistent or bothersome, it’s important to speak with your doctor. Many side effects can be managed by adjusting the dose or type of HRT.
Your doctor will explain what the treatment involves, what you can expect from it, and any other available options to help you make an informed choice.
"Changes in diet, exercise, alcohol, and stress levels can also help," says Eagles. "It’s worth asking your doctor about what the treatment involves, what you can expect from it, other available options, and how HRT may interact with any existing conditions before starting treatment."
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विक्टोरिया रॉ द्वारा
हार्मोन
अपने पेरिमेनोपॉज के लक्षणों को कैसे कम करें
हर महिला जो पर्याप्त समय तक जीवित रहती है, वह रजोनिवृत्ति से गुजरेगी। पेरिमेनोपॉज रजोनिवृत्ति में संक्रमणकालीन अवधि का वर्णन करता है, और यह वह समय है जब अधिकांश महिलाएं पहली बार लक्षणों का अनुभव करती हैं। पेरिमेनोपॉज के लक्षणों को प्रबंधित और राहत देने के लिए कई विकल्प हैं, जो कि नैदानिक सेवाओं और घर पर दोनों के माध्यम से उपलब्ध हैं।.
Amberley Davis द्वारा
Sign up for our free 10-week Menopause course!
Each week, we'll explore different topics to help you better understand and navigate your menopausal journey, including HRT, diet, exercise, and mental health.
सदस्यता लेने पर आप हमारी स्वीकार करते हैं गोपनीयता नीति. आप किसी भी समय सदस्यता समाप्त कर सकते हैं। हम कभी भी आपका डेटा नहीं बेचते।.
लेखक के बारे मेंपूरा जीवन परिचय देखें
Victoria Raw
विशेष लेखक
BA (Hons), English Literature
Victoria is a content writer with Patient whose special interests focus on mental wellbeing, societal trends and the impact of technology on our health.
समीक्षक के बारे मेंपूरा जीवन परिचय देखें
Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP
सामान्य चिकित्सक, चिकित्सा लेखक
MBBS, MRCGP, MRCP (Paediatrics), DCH
डॉ. कॉलिन टिडी एक एनएचएस डॉक्टर हैं, जो ऑक्सफोर्डशायर में स्थित हैं।.
लेख का इतिहास
इस पृष्ठ की जानकारी योग्य चिकित्सकों द्वारा सहकर्मी समीक्षा की गई है।.
अगली समीक्षा की तिथि: 6 अगस्त 2028
6 Aug 2025 | मूल रूप से प्रकाशित
द्वारा लिखित:
Victoria Rawद्वारा सहकर्मी समीक्षा की गई
Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP
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सदस्यता लेने पर आप हमारी स्वीकार करते हैं गोपनीयता नीति. आप किसी भी समय सदस्यता समाप्त कर सकते हैं। हम कभी भी आपका डेटा नहीं बेचते।.