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एचआरटी के दुष्प्रभाव क्या हैं?

द्वारा सहकर्मी समीक्षा की गई Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGPद्वारा लिखित विक्टोरिया रॉ

मूल रूप से प्रकाशित 6 अगस्त 2025

मरीज की संपादकीय दिशानिर्देशों

हार्मोन प्रतिस्थापन चिकित्सा (एचआरटी) is commonly prescribed to people who are going through menopause to help manage their symptoms. However, some people are concerned about the side effects. We spoke with a doctor to learn more about the possible side effects of HRT.

हमारे मुफ्त 10-सप्ताह के रजोनिवृत्ति पाठ्यक्रम के लिए साइन अप करें!

हर सप्ताह, हम विभिन्न विषयों का अन्वेषण करेंगे ताकि आप अपने रजोनिवृत्ति यात्रा को बेहतर ढंग से समझ सकें और नेविगेट कर सकें, जिसमें एचआरटी, आहार, व्यायाम, और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य शामिल हैं।.

कृपया एक मान्य ईमेल पता दर्ज करें

सदस्यता लेने पर आप हमारी स्वीकार करते हैं गोपनीयता नीति. आप किसी भी समय सदस्यता समाप्त कर सकते हैं। हम कभी भी आपका डेटा नहीं बेचते।.

HRT works by replacing the hormones that naturally decline as you approach menopause with synthetic versions.

The main hormones used in HRT are:

  • Oestrogen - regulates your menstrual cycle, develops female characteristics, and helps maintain bone and heart health.

  • प्रोजेस्टेरोन - helps protect your womb (uterus) against abnormal changes - such as thickening of the womb lining (hyperplasia) or cancer - that can be caused by unopposed oestrogen. Progesterone is not needed for women who have had their womb removed (hysterectomy).

Dr Layla Eagles, Private GP, Wellsoon, Practice Plus Group, UK

Photo of Dr Layla Eagles

Dr Layla Eagles, Private GP, Wellsoon, Practice Plus Group, UK, explains that the side effects of HRT are usually mild and often settle over time.

While these side effects can differ from person to person, some are more commonly reported than others.

इनमें शामिल हैं:

  • Breast tenderness.

  • फूलना।.

  • सिरदर्द।.

  • मतली।.

  • Mood changes.

"Side effects can vary depending on how HRT is delivered," she says. "Oral tablets may be more likely to cause nausea or increase your chance of blood clots. Patches and gels tend to be gentler on your digestive system, and have a lower likelihood of causing blood clots."

She adds that implants offer a steady release of hormones, but they can be more difficult to adjust if side effects arise.

The side effects of HRT are often grouped into two categories, as many common symptoms are associated with either oestrogen or progestogen.

Eagles explains the typical side effects linked to each hormone.

Oestrogen side effects

The short-term side effects of oestrogen can include:

Long-term oestrogen use may slightly raise your chance of blood clots or स्ट्रोक - especially in tablet form.

Eagles says: "People with a history of migraines, clotting disorders, or hormone-sensitive cancers may be more vulnerable to side effects. Transdermal forms - such as patches or gels - are often preferred for people with existing cardiovascular concerns or conditions."

She warns that anyone experiencing the following symptoms should stop taking it and seek urgent medical attention:

  • Sudden leg pain.

  • सीने में दर्द।.

  • Severe headaches.

Progesterone side effects

The short-term side effects of oestrogen can include:

  • मूड में बदलाव।.

  • Breast discomfort.

  • Sometimes, low mood or fatigue - can be reduced with regular exercise, reducing alcohol, and sleep.

Eagles adds that natural (micronised) progesterone is generally better tolerated than synthetic progestins - especially for mood symptoms.

वह कहती है: "If side effects become intolerable, we can try a different type, dose, or delivery method, and in some cases consider alternatives - such as the Mirena coil."

Combined HRT side effects

Combined HRT includes both oestrogen and progesterone. It can be taken either cyclically or continuously - depending on whether you're perimenopausal or postmenopausal.

The side effects of combined HRT include:

Eagles explains that combined HRT, may increase your chance of developing breast cancer slightly more than oestrogen-only HRT.

वह कहती है: "If you have had a hysterectomy, you usually don’t need the progesterone component and can take oestrogen alone, which is generally considered a safer option."

How long do HRT side effects last?

Most HRT side effects are short-term and usually improve within 3-6 months as your body gets used to the treatment.

"We typically review patients at 3 months after starting," says Eagles. "This assessment then becomes annual unless issues arise, with the option to review sooner if symptoms persist or new ones develop."

Reporting HRT side effects

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) Yellow Card scheme is an easy way to report suspected issues with medicine in the UK. Reports can be submitted online or via the Yellow Card scheme app on Apple या गूगल प्ले. Submissions go directly to experts who review and investigate your concerns.

Eagles says: "Reporting side effects - no matter how minor - through the Yellow Card scheme, helps monitor the safety of HRT and can lead to updated guidance or safety information. All reports are reviewed and contribute to national drug safety surveillance."

Risks associated with HRT

Long-term use of HRT - particularly with oral combined HRT - may leave you vulnerable to developing breast cancer, blood clots or stroke.

Eagles advises, however, that for many people under 60 - or within 10 years of menopause - the advantages often outweigh the potential downsides.

वह कहती है: "We always consider personal and family history, and HRT may need to be used cautiously if you have migraines, liver issues, or heart disease."

Eagles warns that if your side effects are persistent or bothersome, it’s important to speak with your doctor. Many side effects can be managed by adjusting the dose or type of HRT.

Your doctor will explain what the treatment involves, what you can expect from it, and any other available options to help you make an informed choice.

"Changes in diet, exercise, alcohol, and stress levels can also help," says Eagles. "It’s worth asking your doctor about what the treatment involves, what you can expect from it, other available options, and how HRT may interact with any existing conditions before starting treatment."

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समीक्षक के बारे मेंपूरा जीवन परिचय देखें

लेखक की छवि

Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP

सामान्य चिकित्सक, चिकित्सा लेखक

MBBS, MRCGP, MRCP (Paediatrics), DCH

डॉ. कॉलिन टिडी एक एनएचएस डॉक्टर हैं, जो ऑक्सफोर्डशायर में स्थित हैं।.

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    द्वारा सहकर्मी समीक्षा की गई

    Dr Colin Tidy, MRCGP
फ्लू पात्रता जाँचकर्ता

पूछें, साझा करें, जुड़ें।.

चर्चाओं को ब्राउज़ करें, प्रश्न पूछें, और सैकड़ों स्वास्थ्य विषयों पर अनुभव साझा करें।.

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कृपया एक मान्य ईमेल पता दर्ज करें

सदस्यता लेने पर आप हमारी स्वीकार करते हैं गोपनीयता नीति. आप किसी भी समय सदस्यता समाप्त कर सकते हैं। हम कभी भी आपका डेटा नहीं बेचते।.

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