एचआईवी के लिए टेनोफोविर

jAbout tenofovir for HIV

Tenofovir is an antiviral medicine. It is prescribed for मानव इम्यूनोडेफिशिएंसी वायरस (एचआईवी) संक्रमण. It slows the progress of HIV infection, but it is not a cure. HIV destroys cells in the body, called CD4 T cells. These cells are a type of white blood cell and are important because they are involved in protecting your body from infection. If left untreated, the HIV infection weakens your immune system so that your body cannot defend itself against bacteria, viruses and other germs. Tenofovir slows down the progress of HIV infection by reducing the amount of virus in your body. It does this by stopping the virus from copying (replicating) itself.

Tenofovir will be prescribed for you by a doctor who is a specialist. It belongs to a group of antiretroviral medicines known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It is given alongside a number of other antiretroviral medicines, as part of a combination therapy. Taking three or more antiretroviral medicines at the same time is more effective than taking one alone. Taking a combination of different medicines also reduces the risk that the virus will become resistant to any individual medicine. Some brands of tenofovir tablet contain one or more other antiretroviral medicine (see the list in the table above) - these combination brands help to reduce the total number of tablets you need to take each day. Not all of the information in this leaflet applies to the combination brands, so please refer to the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack for full details. It is vital to take your antiretroviral medicines exactly as prescribed to maintain success and to help to prevent the virus from becoming resistant to the medicines. These medicines are usually taken for life.

Tenofovir is also prescribed for another viral infection - see the separate medicine leaflet called हेपेटाइटिस बी संक्रमण के लिए टेनोफोविर.

Before taking tenofovir

Some medicines are not suitable for people with certain conditions, and sometimes a medicine can only be used if extra care is taken. For these reasons, before you start taking tenofovir it is important that your doctor knows:

• यदि आप गर्भवती हैं, बच्चे की योजना बना रही हैं या स्तनपान करवा रही हैं।.

• यदि आपके जिगर के काम करने के तरीके में कोई समस्या है, या यदि आपके गुर्दों के काम करने के तरीके में कोई समस्या है।.

• If you have a condition which weakens your bones, such as osteoporosis, or you are at risk of bone fractures.

• यदि आप बहुत अधिक शराब पीते हैं।.

• यदि आप कोई अन्य दवाएं ले रहे हैं। इसमें वे सभी दवाएं शामिल हैं जिन्हें बिना पर्ची के खरीदा जा सकता है, साथ ही हर्बल और पूरक दवाएं भी।.

• यदि आपको कभी किसी दवा से एलर्जी की प्रतिक्रिया हुई है।.

How to take tenofovir for HIV

• Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside your pack. It will give you more information about tenofovir, and it will also provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from taking it.

• Take tenofovir exactly as your doctor tells you to. For adults, the usual dose is one 245 mg tablet daily. Children will be prescribed a lower-strength tablet depending upon their age and weight. For anyone who is unable to take tablets (such as young children) tenofovir is also available as granules. These are measured out using the dosing scoop provided, and then taken mixed into a soft food such as yoghurt, apple sauce or baby food. Mix each scoopful of granules with a tablespoon (15 ml) of food. Do not chew the granules/food mixture as you swallow it as it will taste bitter. Please note, the granules must not be mixed with liquids or drinks. Your doctor will advise you about how many scoopfuls of granules you (or your child) should take for each dose.

• Swallow the tablet whole with a drink of water. If you have difficulty swallowing tablets, please let your doctor know about this as it may be more suitable for you to be prescribed tenofovir as granules. In the meantime, if necessary, you can crush the tablet and add it to half a glass of water, orange juice or grape juice, providing you swallow it straightaway.

• Take tenofovir tablets with a meal or a snack. (However, if you have been prescribed the combination brand Atripla®, these tablets should be taken when your stomach is empty, which means taking them one hour before any food or waiting until two hours afterwards.)

• Try to take tenofovir at the same time of day each day, as this will help you to remember to take it regularly.

• If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, providing it is within the next 12 hours. If it is more than 12 hours later when you remember, leave out the missed dose but do remember to take your next dose when it is due. Do not take two doses together to make up for a forgotten dose.

अपने उपचार से अधिकतम लाभ प्राप्त करना

• अपने डॉक्टर के साथ नियमित अपॉइंटमेंट बनाए रखें ताकि आपकी प्रगति की निगरानी की जा सके। यह जांचने के लिए कि आपकी दवाएं कितनी अच्छी तरह काम कर रही हैं, आपको नियमित रक्त परीक्षण की आवश्यकता होगी।.

• It is important that you continue to take tenofovir and your other antiretroviral treatment regularly. This will help to prevent the HIV from becoming resistant to the medicines you are taking. Even if you miss only a small number of doses, the virus can become resistant to treatment.

• If you develop an infection soon after you start the treatment, let your doctor know. As a result of taking tenofovir, your immune system may start fighting an infection which was present before you started the treatment, but which you may not have been aware of.

• अपने डॉक्टर द्वारा दिए गए किसी भी सलाह का ध्यानपूर्वक पालन करें जो आपके हृदय और रक्त वाहिकाओं को नुकसान के जोखिम को कम करने के लिए जीवनशैली में बदलाव करने के बारे में हो। इनमें धूम्रपान छोड़ना, स्वस्थ आहार लेना और नियमित व्यायाम करना शामिल हो सकते हैं।.

• कुछ लोग जो एंटीरेट्रोवायरल दवाएं ले रहे हैं, उनके शरीर में वसा के वितरण के तरीके में बदलाव हो सकता है। इससे शरीर की छवि में बदलाव आ सकता है। आपका डॉक्टर इस संभावना पर आपके साथ चर्चा करेगा।.

• हालांकि एंटीरेट्रोवायरल दवाओं के उपचार से यौन संपर्क के माध्यम से दूसरों को एचआईवी देने का जोखिम कम हो सकता है, यह इसे पूरी तरह से नहीं रोकता है। यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि आप कंडोम का उपयोग करें।.

• एचआईवी से पीड़ित लोगों के लिए उदास या अवसादग्रस्त महसूस करना असामान्य नहीं है, खासकर जब निदान किया गया हो और उपचार शुरू हो गया हो। यदि आपको अवसाद की कोई भावना है, या स्वयं को नुकसान पहुंचाने के बारे में कोई परेशान करने वाले विचार हैं, तो आपको अपने डॉक्टर से बात करनी चाहिए। तुरंत.

• Tenofovir has been associated with a serious side-effect in some people who have taken it. This is known as lactic acidosis. It is a problem where there is too much lactic acid in the blood. The symptoms associated with it are listed in the next section 'Can tenofovir cause problems?'. If you develop any of the symptoms listed below, you must let your doctor know तुरंत, क्योंकि वे बिगड़ सकते हैं, और यहां तक कि जीवन के लिए खतरा भी बन सकते हैं।.

• कुछ लोग जिन्होंने एंटीरेट्रोवायरल दवाएं ली हैं (विशेष रूप से लंबे समय तक), उन्होंने एक स्थिति विकसित की है जिसे ऑस्टियोनेक्रोसिस कहा जाता है। यह एक हड्डी की बीमारी है जहां हड्डी के ऊतक मर जाते हैं क्योंकि इसमें रक्त की आपूर्ति कम हो जाती है। यह जोड़ों में दर्द और अकड़न का कारण बनता है, और चलने-फिरने में कठिनाई पैदा कर सकता है। यदि आप इनमें से कोई भी लक्षण देखते हैं, तो अपने डॉक्टर से बात करें।.

• If you buy any medicines, supplements or herbal remedies 'over the counter', check with a pharmacist that they are suitable to take with tenofovir and your other medicines. This is because some medicines interfere with antiretrovirals and can stop them from working properly.

• यदि आप कोई ऑपरेशन या दंत चिकित्सा करवा रहे हैं, तो जो व्यक्ति उपचार कर रहा है उसे बताएं कि आप कौन सी दवाएं ले रहे हैं।.

• Treatment for HIV is usually lifelong. Continue to take tenofovir regularly for as long as your doctor tells you to, even if you feel well. This is to keep your immune system healthy.

Can tenofovir cause problems?

Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them. The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with tenofovir. You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine. You should, however, speak with your doctor if you develop any of the following side-effects. This is because some of the common side-effects of tenofovir are similar to the symptoms of lactic acidosis - a less common but more serious problem.

आपका डॉक्टर आपके साथ लैक्टिक एसिडोसिस होने की संभावना पर चर्चा करेगा। यदि आपको निम्नलिखित लक्षणों में से कोई भी विकसित होता है, तो तुरंत अपने डॉक्टर को सूचित करें:

• Feeling sick (nausea) or being sick (vomiting), tummy (abdominal) pain, loss of appetite, loss of weight, feeling weak or dizzy, and fast or gasping breathing.

यदि आपको कोई अन्य लक्षण महसूस होते हैं जो आपको लगता है कि दवा के कारण हो सकते हैं, तो आगे की सलाह के लिए अपने डॉक्टर या फार्मासिस्ट से बात करें।.

How to store tenofovir

• सभी दवाओं को बच्चों की पहुँच और दृष्टि से दूर रखें।.

• ठंडी, सूखी जगह पर रखें, सीधे गर्मी और रोशनी से दूर।.

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