त्वचा पर चकत्ते

How are skin rashes described?

Skin rashes can be described in the following way:

• Redness of the skin (called erythema).

• Flat abnormally coloured areas of skin (called macules). Macules are often either red, dark red or purple, brown or white.

• Solid raised areas which are up to half a centimetre across (called papules).

• Solid raised areas which are more than half a centimetre across (called nodules).

• Areas of red raised skin (called plaques) और scales, which have a flaky silvery-white appearance.

• Reddish-purple lesions which do not fade with pressure (called purpura):
  

  • If less than one centimetre across then these are called petechiae.

  • If more than one centimetre across then they are called ecchymoses.

• Blisters: these are swellings of the skin containing fluid:

  • If a blister is less than half a centimetre across then it is called a vesicle. If filled with yellow fluid (pus) then it is called a pustule.

  • If a blister is larger than half a centimetre across it is called a bulla (plural is bullae).

What skin conditions cause itching?

Skin disorders that can cause itching include (please click the links to separate leaflets which provide further information):

• सूखी त्वचा।.

• एक्जिमा।.

• Contact dermatitis.

• Urticaria.

• Lichen planus.

• सोरायसिस।.

• Folliculitis.

• Prickly heat/heat rash.

What causes skin rashes?

Please click the links to separate leaflets which provide further information:

Red (erythema) but not scaly skin rash

• A skin infection called सेलुलाइटिस.

• An allergic reaction called पित्ती.

• Reaction to a medicine you are taking.

• जलन.

• वायरल चकत्ते - eg, खसरा या rubella (German measles).

• Vasculitis. This is a condition involving inflammation of blood vessels, which may occur with various illnesses, including रूमेटाइड आर्थराइटिस.

• एरिथेमा नोडोसुम. This is a condition which causes red rounded lumps (nodules), most commonly on the shins.

• Redness on the palms of your hands may be caused by liver disease, pregnancy or an अत्यधिक सक्रिय थायरॉयड ग्रंथि (हाइपरथायरायडिज्म).

• A red rash may occasionally be due to an inflammatory condition called सिस्टेमिक ल्यूपस एरिथेमेटोसस, especially if it is on the cheeks.

Red (erythema) and scaly skin rash

• सोरायसिस. This is a condition where there is inflammation of the skin.

• एक्जिमा. This is sometimes called dermatitis and also involves inflammation of the skin. It may be caused by an allergy and is then called atopic dermatitis/eczema. This may happen in response to some plants - eg, poison oak or ivy.

• सेबोरहाइक डर्मेटाइटिस (in adults). This is a type of skin rash sometimes called seborrhoeic eczema. In babies it is known as cradle cap.

• Fungal (or 'yeast') skin infection, such as एथलीट फुट, groin infection (tinea cruris), ringworm, scalp ringworm or infection with कैंडिडा.

• पिटीरियासिस रोज़िया. This condition is described as 'self-limiting' and the rash will clear itself naturally.

• पिटीरियासिस वर्सिकलर. This is a rash which is caused by a yeast-like germ.

• Lupus erythematosus.

• लाइकेन प्लेनस. This condition mainly affects the skin and causes an itchy rash.

Macules

• Red macules may be due to a reaction to a medicine or a viral rash - जैसे कि खसरा या रूबेला - as well as other causes.

• A brown macule may be a mole but check with your doctor if a mole changes or you are concerned it might be a मेलानोमा.

• A white macule may be due to a condition which causes pale patches of skin (called सफेद दाग) or a skin complaint with flaky discoloured areas (called pityriasis versicolor).

• If a macule is dark red or purple and does not fade when you put pressure on it then it is a purpura (see below) and you need to see a doctor urgently. This is because it could be a sign of मेनिन्जाइटिस or blood infection (सेप्टीसीमिया).

Papules

• Common causes of papules include मुँहासे, viral wart, seborrhoeic wart, मोलस्कम कॉन्टेजियोसम, scabies, insect bites and skin tags.

• Other causes include सोरायसिस.

Purpura and petechiae

• These are dark red or purple and don't fade when you press them. You need to see a doctor urgently because there may be a serious cause that needs urgent treatment, such as meningococcal infection.

• However, common causes include injury to the skin or repeated coughing. More serious common causes include liver disease such as सिरोसिस.

• Less common causes include vasculitis (eg, Henoch-Schönlein purpura) or a low level of platelets in your blood (eg, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura).

वेस्कुलाइटिस

© जेम्स हाइलमैन, एमडी, CC BY-SA 3.0, विकिमीडिया कॉमन्स के माध्यम से

बड़ा करके देखें

Nodules

• Common causes of a nodule include a sebaceous cyst, lipoma, त्वचा कैंसर, or a wart.

• Other causes include rheumatoid nodules (associated with रूमेटाइड आर्थराइटिस) and Heberden's nodes (associated with ऑस्टियोआर्थराइटिस).

Blisters

• Skin inflammation, including reactions to medicines, संपर्क त्वचाशोथ, eczema. Eczema on your legs may be caused by varicose veins (varicose eczema).

• Diseases of your immune system - eg, bullous pemphigoid.

• Viral infections - eg, चिकनपॉक्स, hand, foot and mouth disease.

• Skin infection: a germ (bacterial) infection with इम्पेटिगो or viral infection with herpes simplex (ठंडे छाले या जननांग हर्पीस) or with herpes zoster (shingles).

• Rarer causes include pemphigus और pemphigoid.

Pustules

• Skin infection by a virus (eg, ठंडे छाले due to herpes simplex virus) or bacterial germs (इम्पेटिगो).

• Inflammation - eg सोरायसिस.

• Pustular skin reaction to medicine you are taking.

• Pustules on your face may be acne or rosacea.

अल्सर

Ulcers may be due to venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, diabetes skin ulcers या cancerous (malignant) skin ulcers.

This leaflet is a guide but if you have any concerns, you must telephone or see your GP, especially if:

• The rash doesn't quickly disappear.

• आप अस्वस्थ महसूस कर रहे हैं।.

• The rash does not fade with pressure (the best way to test this is to press a glass gently against the rash to see if it fades).

• You are not sure what has caused the rash or have any other concerns.